01: Goals of Cryptography

Cryptography

Practice of constructing, analyzing protocols and algorithms with the aim of preventing third parties or the public from reading private messages.

Cryptography prior to the modern age was effectively synonymous with encryption, converting readable information (plaintext) to unintelligible nonsense text (ciphertext), which can only be read by reversing the process (decryption).

Goals of Cryptography

The goal of cryptography is to achieve:

Confidentiality → Only authorised party can access the information

Integrity → Correctness and completeness of information

Authenticity → Source of information can be verified by the receiving party

Non-Repudiation → Source of information can be verified by any third party

Tools to achieve our Cryptography Goals

Concept	Tools/Algorithm
Encryption [Confidentiality]	AES \| RSA
Cryptographic Hash Functions [Integrity]	SHA-2 \| SHA-3
Message Authentication Codes \| Authenticated Encryption [Authenticity]	HMAC and GCM block cipher mode of operation
Digital signatures [Non-Repudiation]	RSA-PSS and Ed25519

Conclusion

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